CHANGES ON THE WESTERN FRONTIER. Great Plains- the grassland

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Almost all the tribes on the Great Plains had left their farms to roam the plains and hunt buffalo. The Plains Indians did not understand the concept of land ownership.
CHANGES ON THE WESTERN FRONTIER. Great Plains- the grassland extending through the west- central portion of the United States. The United States treated.
The United States treated the Great Plains as a huge Indian Reservation.
The Plains Indians did not understand the concept of land ownership..
The Settlers argued that the Native Americans had forfeited their rights to the land because they hadn t settled down to improve it..
In 1887, Congress passed the Dawes Act aiming to Americanize the Native Americans. The act broke up the reservations and gave some of the reservation land to individual Natives. In the end, the Native Americans received no money from the sale of these lands..
Native American Assimilation
Native American Lands shrinking across the Great Plains.
Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotanka), leader of the Hunkpapa Sioux, never signed treaty, and refused to go..
In 1876, the 7th Cavalry led by George Armstrong Custer planned to round up the remaining free Indians. CUSTER S LAST STAND Within an hour, Custer and almost all of the men of the Seventh Cavalry were dead. Defeated by Sioux warriors Sitting Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada, Eventually, to prevent his people s starvation, Sitting Bull was forced to surrender..
Alarmed military leaders ordered the arrest of Sitting Bull. During the arrest, the tribal police killed Sitting Bull. On December 28, 1890, The Seventh Cavalry–took the Sioux to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota. Soldiers demanded that the Native Americans give up all their weapons. A shot was fired; from which side, it was not clear. The soldiers opened fire with deadly cannons. Within minutes, the Seventh Cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed Native Americans, including several children. The soldiers left the corpses to freeze on the ground. Battle of Wounded Knee: brought the Indian wars and an entire era–to a bitter end..
Barbed wire, invented by Joseph F. Glidden. was largely responsible for the end of the open frontier.
The End of the Open Range Sketch a picture which shows the reason for the end of the Open Range..
Several thousand settlers were exodusters –African Americans who moved from the post-Reconstruction South to Kansas..
A soddy, was warm in winter and cool in summer, Offered little light or air, Were havens for snakes, insects, They leaked continuously when it rained..
When crop prices were high, farmers could repay their loans. When crop prices fell, farmers grew more, which caused prices to fall even more.
In 1867, Oliver Hudson Kelley started the Grange. Members learned how to Support political candidates, create legislation to regulate railroads, fight the power of the banks..
The Populist Party demanded reforms: to reduce debt from farmers and laborers give the people a greater voice in their government..
The Populists share the platform of the Democratic Party believe: The government is responsible for reforming social injustices.
The Republican favored the gold standard –backing dollars solely with gold. Republican Party William McKinley for president. The Democratic Party nominated William Jennings Bryan.
With McKinley s election, Populism collapsed, burying the hopes of the farmers

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